Multi-Omics Analyses Revealed Transcriptional Regulators associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Advanced Bladder Cancer

Background: Urothelial Bladder Cancer (UBC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, the 5-year survival rate remains poor with platinum-based chemotherapy regimens as the standard of cancer treatment protocol. Recent FDA approval of a programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, atezolizumab, in advanced UBC patients is changing the therapeutic landscape. Although the response to anti-PD-L1 is correlated to PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden, the molecule determinants of responsiveness or non-responsiveness to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) is largely unknown.