Optimizing sampling frequency of surface and downhole measurements for efficient stick-slip vibration detection

Drilling vibrations significantly impact drilling operations with high costs due to early downhole equipment failure and loss of productive time. Stick-slip vibrations, a severe form of torsional vibrations, is known to be present up to 50% of total drilling time, making it a topic of immense concern and research. An ongoing discussion in the industry is regarding the reliability of surface measurements for early detection of severe downhole bit sticking. Moreover, most surface measurements are sampled at lower frequency rates closer to 1 Hz. Recently, the implementation of advanced data acquisition modules in downhole subs has greatly improved our understanding of drilling vibrations through high resolution data, sampled up to 10 kHz. However, with a wide range of sampling frequency to choose from different available tools, a critical question remains unanswered. What is an optimal and adequate sampling frequency for early detection of downhole vibrations using both surface and downhole measurements? The paper addresses the question with a focus on stick-slip vibrations through an experimental investigation. Stick slip tests are repeated for different sampling frequencies of surface and downhole measurements and the stick slip index for each case is calculated. The stick-slip index varies for different sampling frequency even though the vibration tests remain completely identical. It was inferred that sampling frequency of measurements greatly impact the detection of downhole vibrations. Even though stick-slip vibrations are characteristically low frequency vibrations (≤2Hz), a minimum of 10Hz sampling frequency is recommended for detection of stick-slip vibrations. Moreover, all characteristics of stick-slip vibrations including bit sticking, bit RPM peaks and negative bit RPMs are clearly observed at a minimum of 100Hz sampling rate.