Metal-Organic Framework–Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Virus Detection

The diagnosis of diseases employing rapid and cost-effective methodologies are a critical problem in the health domain. Most current disease detection technologies have low selectivity and sensitivity, are time-consuming, and high cost. The metal-organic framework (MOF), a hybrid porous materials linked by metal ions and organic ligands, recently emerged as a potential immunosensor platform for virus detection. Its remarkable characteristics include wide surface area, rich active size, variable pore size, and ease of modification. MOFs have demonstrated considerable attention and promise in imaging and biological sensing applications. Consequently, this book chapter provides an overview of MOF-related synthesis techniques: electroactive ligand/metal ion syntheses, functionalization of MOF with biomolecules for sensing, and modifications for MOF composites. Additionally, fluorescence detection of antibodies and electrochemical immunoassays for detecting antigens were addressed. In addition, the underlying problems and prospective future developments of MOFs towards viral detection were discussed.