A comprehensive review of candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the genus Candida. It is otherwise called moniliasis, thrush, and candidosis. Candida albicans is the most one to cause an infection in humans and other species such as Candida auris, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, C. parapsilosis, and Candida lusitaniae. It is categorized into oral candidiasis, invasive candidiasis, vulvovaginal, and genital candidiasis. In general, Candida yeasts are present in the human body and their growth is limited by the human immune system. When an imbalance, colonization of Candida occurs finally leads to an infection. It is mainly affected in immune compromised patients followed by risk factors such as diabetes, stem cell transplantation, organ transplantation, and prolonged use of antibiotics, and steroids. It can be diagnosed to overcome this infection by direct examination of smear, culture, and biopsy. Fluconazole is the first line drug to treat candidiasis and Amphotericin-B, Caspofungin, Voriconazole also used.