Activation of persulfate by magnetic Mg/Mn–layered double oxide–doped biochar composite for ciprofloxacin removal and bacterial inactivation

•Formation of magnetic Mg/Mn-layered double oxide doped biochar from Lentinulaedodes substrate.•MgMnLDO provided biochar with increased surface areas, adsorption sites and free radicals.•MgMnLDO-MBC/PS system exhibited high degradation activity towards CIP, bacteria and biofilms.•Confirmation of ·SO playing a major role during the catalytic process of MgMnLDO-MBC/PS system.