How Ecological Characteristics of Seasonal Migratory Species Influence Conservation Threats and Policy Needs

Compared to nonmigratory species, seasonal migratory species face different anthropogenic threats and respond differently to such threats. Protecting seasonal migratory species poses unique policy challenges because the integrity of the migratory process through space and time is critical for their survival. Considering ecological, economic, and institutional characteristics of migratory species throughout their annual or life cycle habitat is essential for effective conservation policy development. This article identifies and describes key ecological characteristics and conservation needs of migratory species. We then discuss the implications of those characteristics for threats and conservation tools. The concepts described form the basis for the discussion of economic policy analysis in two companion symposium articles.