Perceptual memorability and reward valuation make parallel contributions to successful recognition memory

Our experiences can be memorable for different reasons. Prior research has identified the importance of intrinsic perceptual features to memorability. However, recent work suggests that value-driven learning (i.e. via reward prediction errors [RPEs]) also influences memorability. Here, we examined the joint contribution of perceptual memorability and value-based computations in influencing memory strength. Participants performed a two-arm bandit reversal learning task, in which they learned the value associated with images with different levels of baseline perceptual memorability. Next, participants performed a recognition memory task. Importantly, both the model-estimated RPEs and the perceptual memorability associated with images contributed to recognition memory. Value-driven individuals, who earned more rewards on the learning task, also prioritized these extrinsic RPEs over intrinsic perceptual features during recognition memory. Over-reliance on RPE was advantageous to memory performance in individuals with low trait anxiety, with this advantage diminishing in highly anxious individuals. Together, these findings reveal a parallel relationship between intrinsic (perceptual memorability) and extrinsic (learned association with RPE) sources of information that both contribute to recognition memory; this relationship is dynamically modulated by both individual decision making and mental health traits.