A systematic review and comparison of international standards for prosthetic feet

Indonesia is a country that has a huge number of people with disability. In 2014, people who have some difficulties in walking are approximately 2.4 million. It can be caused by leg amputation, some degenerative diseases, et cetera. Prosthetic leg is an option for those who are unable to walk due to leg amputation. One of the important parts of the aforementioned prosthetic is a prosthetic foot. The prosthetic foot needs to be changed periodically due to wear or other degradation of the material properties. There are some Indonesian (local) products found in the market. However, the local products have lower quality compared to the imported product. It may be caused by the lack of Indonesian product standard (SNI). Therefore, the initiation of Indonesian product standard (SNI) for prosthetic foot is of importance. In this study, four International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for prosthetic foot are reviewed for benchmarking purposes, namely ISO 10328, ISO 22675, ISO 16955, and ISO 29782. The results show that the development of prosthetic feet needs to consider qualitative factors as described in ISO 29782. Moreover, the product strength needs to be proofed by structural tests. The comparison of structural testing standards are described in both ISO 22675 and ISO 10328. However, testing standards in ISO 22675 is more appropriate than ISO 10328 due to several weaknesses in ISO 10328. Finally, ISO 16955 gives the quantification of physical parameters of the prosthetic foot.