Hexagonal picture generation in DNA computing

Hexagonal picture languages are essential for studying the topological properties of a digital image. The P system and grammar are used in the literature to generate it. In this paper, hexagonal picture languages are generated in DNA computing using the proposed insertion–deletion model. Single-contextual insertion and double-contextual deletion operations are used in the proposed system. When the context for both operations exists at the same time, the deletion operation takes precedence. The universality and properties of the proposed system are also investigated.