Integrated Identification of Lithology Using Seismic and Magnetic Anomaly Data for Granite and Gneiss Basement: A Case Study of the LiShui Depression in the East China Sea Basin

Granite and gneiss buried hill reservoirs are controlled by their lithology and dark mineral content. Therefore, lithological identification and dark mineral content analysis are important research tools in the early stage of buried hill exploration. In this paper, the relationships between the seismic facies and lithology, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetic anomalies of granite and gneiss are analyzed based on the lithological characteristics of the LiShui depression (LS depression) in the East China Sea Basin (ECSB). The waveform classification method is used to identify granite and gneiss, and the waveform classification results reveal that areas with continuous distribution of a single seismic trace model or two seismic trace models represent good continuity, and can be interpreted as gneiss. Areas with a mixed distribution of multiple seismic trace models represent chaotic and poor continuity, which can be interpreted as granite. The mixed linear zone with multi-seismic trace models is a fault zone, and the rock is cataclasite. In addition, reduction to the pole (RTP) and downward continuation technique for magnetic data processing were used to determine the dark mineral content. Overall, the granite and gneiss can be divided into three types based on magnetic anomaly data: high, moderate, and low magnetic anomaly areas. The areas in which granite with moderate and low magnetic anomalies is distributed are the favorable exploration target areas. The above method provides a technical means of lithological identification in the early stage of buried hill exploration.