The impact of 3D stereoscopic visualisation on performance in electron skin apposition techniques using VERT

Introduction:The Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) is a simulator used to train radiotherapy students cost-effectively with limited risk. VERT is available as a two-dimensional (2D) and a more costly three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic resource. This study aimed to identify the specific benefits afforded by stereoscopic visualisation for student training in skin apposition techniques. Method:Eight participants completed six electron skin apposition setups in both 2D and 3D views of VERT using a 7 cm x 10 cm rectangular applicator setup to 100 cm focus skin distance (FSD). The standard deviation (SD) of the mean distance from each corner of the applicator to the virtual patient's skin surface [which we define as apposition precision (AP)] was measured along with the time taken to achieve each setup. Participants then completed a four-question Likert-style questionnaire concerning their preferences and perceptions of the 2D and 3D views. Results:There was little difference in mean setup times with 218 center dot 43 seconds for 2D and 211 center dot 29 seconds for 3D (3 center dot 3% difference). There was a similarly small difference in AP with a mean SD of 5 center dot 61 mm for 2D and 5 center dot 79 mm for 3D (3 center dot 2% difference) between views. The questionnaire results showed no preference for the 3D view over the 2D. Conclusion:These findings suggest that the 2D and 3D views result in similar setup times and precision, with no user preference for the 3D view. It is recommended that the 2D version of VERT could be utilised in similar situations with a reduced logistical and financial impact.