Metal–organic framework detectives meet infectious pathogens: A powerful tool against pandemics

•The functional properties of representative MOF family members in pathogen diagnosis are emphasized.•Combination strategies of bioreceptors and signal transduction elements with MOF-based biosensors are introduced.•The designs and assembly of MOF-based biosensors to detect pathogens are presented.•MOFs or their derived materials for colorimetric, fluorescent and electrochemical monitoring of pathogens are investigated.•Insights regarding the remaining challenges and future directions on MOF-based biosensors are discussed.