Solutions for an Ecological and Healthy Retrofitting of Buildings on the Campus of the University of Oradea, Romania, Built Starting from 1911 to 1913

On university campuses, retrofitting studies have historically concentrated on individual buildings (or building components) instead of the entire campus. In the present paper, we examine how an incorporated strategic planning strategy might be used to investigate the socio-technical construction of a campus retrofit operation throughout multiple scale/sectors. The campus of the University of Oradea (CUO), Romania, with its beginnings in the 1910s was investigated using its new master plan. The developed strategies for a "green" and "healthy" campus depict a CUO redesign involving complex solutions for the green renovation of old buildings. In addition, the improvement effects of the modernization interventions already carried out were analyzed and quantified. Sixteen buildings (30% of the built area) were consolidated/rehabilitated/modernized, and/or equipped in the last decade, seven educational spaces being included in the circuit of the buildings fund (totaling 5491.59 sq m). For the renovated spaces, energy consumption was reduced by 20-88% and CO2 emissions by 41.82-86%, depending on the specifics of each space. The reconfiguration, rehabilitation, and energy efficiency of the entire heating system of CUO (which uses geothermal water as a specific characteristic) significantly improved (20% decrease in energy and 21% decrease in geothermal water consumption). Our findings offer new directions and design solutions for the ecological modernization of other outdated university campuses, highlighting new perspectives in the green university campuses' management, as a way to implement sustainability in the higher education environment. Data presented give professionals in the field (architects, designers, engineers, planners, and decision makers) a clear picture of the benefits due to ecological renovation, also offering the necessary tools to implement new solutions for reducing the impact of urban areas on the environment.