Your Outpatient has Coronavirus Disease 2019: What are The Treatment Options in the Current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variant Climate?

Mutations accumulated by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron sublineages contribute to evasion of previously effective monoclonal antibodies for treatment or prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Other authorized or approved antiviral drugs such as nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and molnupiravir are, however, predicted to maintain activity against these sublineages and are key tools to reduce severe COVID-19 outcomes in vulnerable populations. A stepwise approach may be taken to target the appropriate antiviral drug to the appropriate patient, beginning with identifying whether a patient is at high risk for hospitalization or other complications of COVID-19. Among higher risk individuals, patient profile (including factors such as age, organ function, and comedications) and antiviral drug access inform suitable antiviral drug selection. When applied in targeted fashion, these therapies serve as a complement to vital ongoing nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccination strategies that reduce morbidity and maximize protection against COVID-19. Emerging Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 variants demonstrate evasion of monoclonal antibodies, leaving fewer therapeutic options for patients at increased risk for adverse Coronavirus Disease 2019 outcomes. Other antivirals retain activity, yet have unique advantages and disadvantages; thus, a stepwise approach can guide rational drug utilization.