Impact of Monkeypox Virus Infection on Immune Parameters in a Woman With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Clinically Effective Antiretroviral Therapy

We describe the immunologic and virologic impact of monkeypox (mpox) infection in a woman with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) whose plasma HIV viremia was suppressed by clinically effective antiretroviral therapy. Extensive phenotypic analyses of B and T cells in peripheral blood and biomarkers in plasma showed significant immunologic perturbations despite the presence of mild mpox disease. Dramatic shifts were noted in the frequencies of total B cells, plasmablasts, and plasmablast immunoglobulin isotypes. Flow cytometric analyses showed a dramatic increase in the frequency of CD38(+)HLA-DR+ CD8(+) T cells after mpox infection. Our data offer guidance for future studies involving mpox infection in affected populations.