Environmental applications of single-atom catalysts based on graphdiyne

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted significant attention because of their high atomic efficiency and unique performance in various catalytic reactions. As a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure, graphdiyne (GDY) is composed of hybridized sp and sp(2) carbon atoms and has been developing rapidly in recent years. In this review, we present the environmental catalytic reactions and applications of GDY-based SACs. The current routes for the synthesis of GDY are described, and the catalytic applications of GDY-based SACs in CO oxidation, CO2 reduction reactions, hydrogenation, nitrogen reduction reactions, oxygen reduction reactions and water splitting are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and developments of GDY in SACs are presented.