An energy-efficient MANET relay node selection and routing using a fuzzy-based analytic hierarchy process

The group of ad hoc nodes without any infrastructure is a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). The nodes in these networks move and provide regular outcomes as a result of the frequent topological changes. Ad hoc networks' dynamic topological changes may be managed by using appropriate routing protocols, which improve network performance. In this study, we have presented novel energy-efficient routing models in MANET. The proposed methodology includes three major phases namely relay node selection, shortest pathfinding, and path maintenance. The fuzzy-based analytic hierarchy process with Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) (Fuzzy-AHP with TOPSIS) method is used for relay or intermediate node selection. After that, the Hybrid Capuchin Search-based Emperor Penguin and Salp Swarm (HCS-EPS 2 ) algorithm effectively select the shortest path. Finally, path maintenance is carried out, and mobile nodes are used to communicate with neighbors by exchanging hello packets. The experimental results were conducted for the proposed model in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, and end-to-end delay. When compared to the existing techniques, the packet arrival rate, end-to-end latency, and communication overhead are improved to 20, 40, and 30%, respectively.