An Accurate Forest Fire Recognition Method Based on Improved BPNN and IoT.

Monitoring and early warning technology for forest fires is crucial. An early warning/monitoring system for forest fires was constructed based on deep learning and the internet of things. Forest fire recognition was improved by combining the size, color, and shape characteristics of the flame, smoke, and area. Complex upper-layer fire-image features were extracted, improving the input conversion by building a forest fire risk prediction model based on an improved dynamic convolutional neural network. The proposed back propagation neural network fire (BPNNFire) algorithm calculated the image processing speed and delay rate, and data were preprocessed to remove noise. The model recognized forest fire images, and the classifier classified them to distinguish images with and without fire. Fire images were classified locally for feature extraction. Forest fire images were stored on a remote server. Existing algorithms were compared, and BPNNFire provided real-time accurate forest fire recognition at a low frame rate with 84.37% accuracy, indicating superior recognition. The maximum relative error between the measured and actual values for real-time online monitoring of forest environment indicators, such as air temperature and humidity, was 5.75%. The packet loss rate of the forest fire monitoring network was 5.99% at Longshan Forest Farm and 2.22% at Longyandong Forest Farm.