Comparison of the urinary proteome in depressed patients before and after modified electroconvulsive therapy.

Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is an effective treatment for mood and psychiatric disorders and provides rapid and significant improvements in severe symptoms of several mental health conditions. We attempted to compare the urinary proteome of each depressive patient before and after electroconvulsive therapy. The common biological processes enriched by differential proteins through GO analysis with most patients mainly included cell adhesion (9/9 patients), immune response (7/9), axon guidance (7/9), and oxidation stress (7/9). Moreover, the common biological pathways identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software showed that acute phase response signaling (7/9 patients), NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response (7/9), synaptogenesis signaling pathway (5/9), and ephrin B signaling (5/9) were all upregulated among each patient and were involved in promoting synaptic plasticity and neuroplasticity. Common biological processes and pathways in urine were reported to be related to the mechanism of MECT in the treatment of mental illnesses. In addition, the common differential proteins CSPG4, CBG, APP, NCAM1, and ARSA were suspected to be related to memory loss, memory damage, and memory formation, which might be the effects of MECT. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Clinical Trial ChiCTR2200059053 ### Funding Statement STI2030-Major Projects(No. 2021ZD0200600)and Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(No. QML20211902）. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The study was approved by the STI2030-Major project (2021ZD0200600) admitted by the Anding Hospital Ethics Review Committee. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present work are contained in the manuscript