Selective social interactions and speed-induced leadership in schooling fish
arxiv(2023)
摘要
Animals moving together in groups are believed to interact among each other
with effective social forces, such as attraction, repulsion and alignment. Such
forces can be inferred using 'force maps', i.e. by analysing the dependency of
the acceleration of a focal individual on relevant variables. Here we introduce
a force map technique suitable for the analysis of the alignment forces
experienced by individuals. After validating it using an agent-based model, we
apply the force map to experimental data of schooling fish. We observe
signatures of an effective alignment force with faster neighbours, and an
unexpected anti-alignment with slower neighbours. Instead of an explicit
anti-alignment behaviour, we suggest that the observed pattern is the result of
a selective attention mechanism, where fish pay less attention to slower
neighbours. This mechanism implies the existence of temporal leadership
interactions based on relative speeds between neighbours. We present support
for this hypothesis both from agent-based modelling, as well as from exploring
leader-follower relationships in the experimental data.
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