Multidimensional MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials for multifunctional applications

Currently, porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become popular precursors for the construction of new nanomaterials as a result of their large surface area, high porosity, and excellent chemical, mechanical and thermal stability. Among them, pyrolyzed MOF-derived porous carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) can well inherit the characteristics and advantages of the MOF precursors, and show great application prospects in the fields of environment and energy. More and more MOF-derived CNMs have been reported, but there is no systematic method to classify and summarize them. Based on this situation, we are going to classify the types of MOF-derived CNMs from the perspective of dimension, and comprehensively introduce the research progress of controlled synthesis of such materials in recent years. This review focuses on the changes in the morphology and phase composition of MOF-derived CNMs from the selection of MOF precursors to the final material carbonization process. The progress of MOF-derived CNMs in popular applications, including heterogeneous catalysis, fuel cells, sensor components, and so on, is systematically introduced. The influence of material morphology and composition on the performance is emphatically analyzed.