Gas-Dependent Active Sites on Cu/ZnO Clusters for CH₃OH Synthesis

This study describes an instantaneously gas-induced dynamic transition of an industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. Cu/ZnO clusters become “alive” and lead to a promotion in reaction rate by almost one magnitude, in response to the variation of the reactant components. The promotional changes are functions of either CO2-to-CO or H2O-to-H2 ratio which determines the oxygen chemical potential thus drives Cu/ZnO clusters to undergo reconstruction and allows the maximum formation of Cu–Zn2+ sites for CH3OH synthesis.