Terahertz Sub-wavelength Focusing and Negative Refraction Assisted Beam Transferring Based on 3-D Metamaterial Flat Lens Configurations

A flat lens made of a negative index (NI) metamaterial (MTM) focuses the diverging light waves with sub-wavelength resolution.However, to achieve tight 3-D focusing, one needs to realize a 3-D MTM with azimuthal and elevation focusing.In this work, a polarization-insensitive, wide-incident angle 3-D MTM showing an NI band of 0.34 THz (37%) centered at 0.92 THz is realized.A flat lens designed out of the proposed 3-D NI MTM shows sub-wavelength spot sizes of 0.48λ 1 and 0.39λ 2 for cylindrical electromagnetic (EM) waves emanating out of an electric dipole source, at 0.9 THz and 0.95 THz, respectively.Also, the sub-wavelength focusing features of the NI flat slab are verified along non-symmetric planes by tilting the dipole source for different angles.It is also found that the finite flat slab configurations efficiently transfer EM beams for long conveyance lengths at NI frequencies.Thus, the realized flat slab configurations are useful for 3-D focusing requirements in optical trapping and imaging, and they are also useful for reducing the transmission losses associated with beam divergences.