Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives e PART 1

Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) has been practiced in a modern form for more than half a century. It was constantly developing, driven by the analysts needs. These needs are coming from the importance to select an appropriate analytical method, which should have satisfactory accuracy, precision and sensi-tivity. In the case of sorbent-based microextraction techniques, the choice of miniaturized variants that meet these requirements as well as the requirements of GAC is extremely wide. The increasing popularity of the technique has spurred the influx of many manufacturers into the commercial side of the tech-nology, and many columns, cartridges and discs are comercially available. SPE-type techniques which can be connected with quantification techniques, are perfect to be applied for pollution analysis. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with an updated, comprehensive overview of modern SPE tech-niques for different kind of pollutants analysis.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.