Developmental Dyslexia: An Exploratory Study Using Thematic Analysis of the Self-Reported Reading Difficulties of Monolingual and Bilingual Adults

This exploratory study investigated the self-reported reading difficulties and compensatory strategies of monolingual and bilingual adults with dyslexia. Twenty monolinguals and six bilinguals answered a questionnaire that collected socio-demographic data as well as information regarding their reading difficulties, experiences, and possible comorbidities. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes were determined: (a) reading difficulties may be pervasive but can be circumvented with effective coping strategies; (b) individuals with dyslexia can succeed academically and obtain a university degree, but they most likely have to work harder than typical readers; (c) dyslexia has an impact on reading habits, and reading is a challenge; and (d) comorbidities are a part of life for people with dyslexia. Our results highlight the struggles that individuals with dyslexia continue to have, regardless of when they were diagnosed, whether they received literacy assistance, and whether they learned a second language. Most important, this study shows that individuals with dyslexia, both monolinguals and bilinguals, are able to use effective coping strategies and obtain academic and professional success.