Low-intensity ultrasound directly modulates neural activity of the cerebellar cortex

•Low-intensity ultrasound evokes calcium responses in cerebellar cortical neurons directly.•Ultrasonic stimulus induced sustained effects on cerebellar granule cells and Purkinje cells.•Transcranial ultrasound elicited dyskinesia in an animal model of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD).•The efficacy of ultrasound neuromodulation is acoustic dose-dependent.