NPP spatio-temporal change characteristics and contribution analysis of land-use type in the Shendong mining area

While driving regional economic development, coal mining also causes environmental problems. Changes in land use are associated with mining impact vegetation’s net primary productivity (NPP). This, in turn, can impact vegetation’s carbon fixation capacity. Understanding how these impacts operate can inform vegetation restoration efforts in former mining areas and preserve ecological stability. In this paper, the NPP of the study area from 2000 to 2019 was retrieved based on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of NPP of the study area were discussed. Meanwhile, combined with the land-use data of the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2000, 2010, and 2019, the impact of land-use changes on regional vegetation NPP was discussed from the perspective of landscape ecology. The results showed that the CASA model using inverted NPP data gave results that compared favorably with data measured in the field. The annual average vegetation NPP in the study area during the study period was 44.51 g C m −2 a −1 . NPP changes showed considerable spatial heterogeneity, but the same overall trends in fluctuation. The study area experienced a decline in both forested and grassland area from 2000 to 2010. The NPP of all four land types decreased. Forested and other land types increased from 2010 to 2019, and the NPP of all four categories increased. Land-use changes over the study period of two decades promoted NPP growth, contributing 44.66% and 93.9%, respectively. Except for the aggregation index, landscape pattern indices showed a positive correlation with NPP. NPP values in 2000, 2010, and 2019 all increased, showing the highest ranked principal components based on landscape indices. The NPP in the study area strongly depends on human activities. Maintaining the current vegetation status would increase NPP in the study area and enhance the vegetation’s carbon fixation capacity.