The Effects of Reflection and Transfer on Undergraduate Animal Science Students' Knowledge

Background: Experiential learning is commonly used in postsecondary settings, especially in undergraduate, agricultural, and laboratory courses. However, a lack of attention has been paid by educators to critical components of experiential learning. Purpose: The effects of reflection mode (peer-verbal or written journal reflection) and transfer level (same, near, or far transfer) on students' content knowledge were examined in a postsecondary, animal science, laboratory course. Methodology/Approach: A quasi-experimental, two-way, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized. This 2 x 3 factorial design was utilized to test the main and interaction effects of two independent variables (reflection mode and transfer level) on one dependent variable (content knowledge). A pretest score was included as a covariate to control for students' prior knowledge. Findings/Conclusions: There was a significant interaction effect between the independent variables of reflection mode and transfer level on the dependent variable of content knowledge. Written reflection (when coupled with near transfer), and same transfer (when coupled with peer-verbal reflection), were statistically significant. Implication: Multiple modes of reflection and application can be used during experiential learning in order to achieve effective content knowledge gains. When experiential learning is planned and developed with intentionality, learners receive a valuable, educative experience.