Comparison of genetic factors of Escherichia coli in patients with urosepsis and urinary tract infections. A systematic review

Extraintestinal pathogenic bacteria, ExPEC Escherichia coli strains produce a wide range of invasive infections in humans and animals, and these infections frequently result in septicemia. ExPEC pathogenicity factors (VF) include adhesins, toxins, iron acquisition factors, lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharide capsules, and invasins, which are usually encoded on pathogenicity islands (PAIs), plasmids, and other genetic elements, and have a wide range of activities, from bacteria colonization to virulence. The data was retrieved using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with specific keywords. Data constraints were imposed, such as limiting the publishing year to the previous five years and using English as the medium of publication. The review follows the PRISMA principles for systematic reviews and has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021245293). A total of 14 papers were pulled from several databases, and were found to be appropriate for scrutiny after a thorough analysis of their whole content. In Uro-Pathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) virulence, the polysaccharide capsule plays a key role. The capsule, when combined with adhesins, facilitates the organism's attachment to the urinary tract's walls, allowing the infection to start. The iutA, pap GII, and hlyA genes were discovered with significantly varied frequencies in urosepsis isolates. These findings imply that a variety of VFs can mediate the bloodstream infection process, and that each train might have a different arrangement of these factors. Several genetic processes that contribute to genomic plasticity, including as plasmids, phages, and transposable elements, can be used to explain the diversity of virulence genes.