Chromatography analysis, in light of vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and three-dimensional cancer spheroids’ formation blocking activities of Laurus nobilis aromatic oil from Palestine

Laurus nobilis (LN) has been used throughout the years as a food flavoring and in traditional medicine. The LN leaves have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, wound healing, antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, oxidative stress, cancer, diabetes, microbial infections, and inflammatory diseases are closely linked. The objective of this research is to characterize Laurus nobilis (LN) aromatic oil (AO) and evaluate its antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic bioactivities. The AO constituents were characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antimicrobial activity was performed using a microdilution assay against six common microbial species. Free radicals, a porcine pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays were conducted utilizing reference biomedical methods. The cytotoxic effect of LNAO was established on a variety of cancer and normal cell lines using the MTS assay. The anti-inflammatory activity of LNAO was evaluated using the Cayman COX activity kit. The results indicate about 99