Illustrating the temperature and magnetic field effects on the magnetic hysteresis loops and specific absorption rate of superparamagnetic nanoparticles: new physical insights towards medical applications

Starting from the magnetic Langevin equation and its associated Fokker–Planck equation, governing the reversal magnetization of single-domain ferromagnetic nanoparticles elucidated by Brown’s model [W. F. Brown, Phys. Rev. 130 (1963) 1677; IEEE Trans. Mag. 15 (1979) 1196], the magnetic hysteresis loops and the specific absorption rate of nanoparticles with biaxial anisotropy are investigated. An illustration of the effect of the temperature and the applied magnetic field across a wide range of frequencies on both of the former quantities is revealed. Emerged new physical insights elucidated from the present study hold promise for realistic nanoscale medicinal applications and may pave the way for an accurate notable benefit of superparamagnetic nanoparticles having biaxial anisotropy in oncology. Graphic abstract