Dynamical Analysis and Optimal Control in Zika Disease Transmission Considering Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Classes

bites from the genus Aedes spread the Zika virus to humans, which can be transmitted through sexual contact and blood transfusions. This study formulated and analyzed a mathematical model for the virus in human and mosquito populations. Based on nonlinear incidence, the infected population is divided into two, namely symptomatic and asymptomatic. The existence and stability of the model equilibriums are based on the reproduction ratio. Furthermore, the stable local endemic and non-endemic equilibrium point is R0 < 1 and R0 > 1, respectively. The significant parameter af-fects the number of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. It was determined using sensitivity analysis. Also, control efforts were made to reduce transmission rates by eradicating mosquito populations using insecticides, reducing direct contact with mosquitoes, and direct routine health checks. The Pontryagin Maximum Principle showed that the three control strategies can significantly reduce the number of infected individuals.