Characterization of corrosion products formed on tin-bronze after 29 years of exposure to Shenyang, China

Characterization of corrosion products formed on tin-bronze exposed to industry atmo-sphere for a 29-year period was investigated. Results demonstrated that the corrosion rate of tin-bronze was 0.56 mu m center dot a(-1). Tin-bronze had two completely different structures on two exposure sides-the corrosion products layer on skyward side was uneven with cracks, and the corrosion product on the field-ward side is a double-layer structure with dense inner layer and porous outer layer. Sn is uniformly distributed in the corrosion products layer on skyward side, and densely concentrated near the substrate on field-ward side. (C) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license