Containment and Suppression of Class A Fires Using CO2 Hydrate

This paper presents the experimental findings on fire containment and suppression by dropping CO2 hydrate granules and tablets on burning solid materials. We used the combustible materials typical of compartment fires-wood, linoleum, and cardboard-to determine the volume and mass of gas hydrate powder necessary for the effective fire suppression. Gaseous emissions were recorded from the combustion with and without fire suppression using hydrates. Conditions were specified in which a fire can be extinguished with minimum air pollution. We also identified the conditions for effective fire containment and suppression using hydrates as compared to water spray, snow, and ice. The necessary volume of hydrate was determined for effective fire suppression in a compartment filled with various materials. Experimental data show that the impact of temperature on the CO2 hydrate decomposition is highly nonlinear. The carbon dioxide hydrate exhibited a much better fire suppression performance than water spray in the course of total flooding of solid combustible materials. It was established that fine water spray failed to reach the lower levels of multi-tier crib fires. Finally, key patterns of total flooding with CO2 hydrate powder were identified when applied to fires.