Multiple Access Design for Symbiotic Radios: Facilitating Massive IoT Connections With Cellular Networks

Symbiotic radio (SR) has emerged as a spectrum- and energy-efficient paradigm to support massive Internet of Things (IoT) connections. Two multiple access schemes are proposed in this paper to facilitate massive IoT connections using the cellular network based on the SR technique, namely, the simultaneous access (SA) scheme and the selection diversity access (SDA) scheme. In the SA scheme, the base station (BS) transmits information to the receiver while multiple IoT devices transmit their information simultaneously by passively backscattering the BS signal to the receiver, while in the SDA scheme, only the IoT device with the strongest backscatter link transmits information. In both of the schemes, the receiver jointly decodes the information from the BS and IoT devices. To evaluate the above two schemes, the closed-form expressions of the ergodic rates in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes and outage probabilities for cellular and IoT transmissions are derived by using extreme value theory, generalized-K distribution approximation and Gaussian-Chebyshev quadrature methods. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and compare the proposed multiple access schemes. When the number of IoT devices is small, the SDA scheme is more appealing since it can significantly reduce the computational complexity while achieving equivalent performance to the SA scheme. When the number of IoT devices is large, the SA scheme is preferable since it guarantees a significantly better rate performance and a lower outage probability.