Effect of systemic inflammatory response syndrome on thrombocytogram, acute phase proteins, electrolytes, acid-base indices and cytokine expression in naturally canine parvovirus infected dogs

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in canine parvoviral enteritis (CPVE) is associated with high mortality in young puppies. Changes in acute phase response, thrombocytogram, inflammatory cytokine profiles, and disturbances in electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis are thought to have a significant impact on the development of SIRS. However, the mechanisms causing these perturbations have not been well described in CPVE puppies, especially with SIRS. The purpose of this study was to assess the changes of electrolytes, acid-base indices using strong ion model, acute phase proteins and thrombocytogram in blood and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in blood mononuclear cells of CPVE puppies with or without SIRS at admission. Additionally, the positive predictive value (PPV) and cut-off value with specificity and sensitivity of the biomarkers were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict the development of SIRS in CPVE puppies at admission. A case-controlled, prospective and observational study was conducted on fifteen SIRS-positive CPVE, twenty-one SIRS-negative CPVE and six healthy puppies. Our data showed marked hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia, decreased A and A and increased mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 expressions in SIRS-positive CPVE puppies as compared to SIRS-negative CPVE puppies at admission. Based on sensitivity, specificity and AUC from ROC curve analysis and PPV, the CRP concentration in serum at a cut-off value of 141.9 mg/L and TLC of blood at a cut-off value of 3.355 × 10/μL were identified as potential prognostic biomarkers followed by A and total protein at a cut-off value of 11.80 and 4.72 g/dL, respectively to predict the development of SIRS in CPVE puppies at admission. In conclusion, the findings of the current study will help the canine practitioners to institute the time-sensitive and need based interventions to disrupt progression along the continuum of shock and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in CPVE puppies that develop SIRS at admission.