Ethics of the clinical practice of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics

Nutrition research is a complex field that involves many challenges embedded in a scenario of biological and non-biological covariates. Emerging fields of study like nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics raise ethical questions. Due to the future attractiveness expected of this field to reduce the burden on various health sectors, more nutritionists and other health professionals should be trained in nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic testing and counseling. Four pertinent concerns were recently discovered in a scoping review: poor awareness, insufficient training, nutrigenomics counseling abilities that need improvement, and untrustworthy evidence-based technique data. Nutrigenetic testing has benefits and drawbacks; also it can increase dietary adherence. To guarantee the right of access and user protection in direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT), ethical considerations must be considered. Positive psychological reactions can be achieved by giving better pre-test information, but there are protocols to safeguard the accuracy of laboratory test results. It is crucial to offer fast and accessible assistance to shield consumers from potential dangers when receiving these test reports. This article exposes current evidence regarding the most prevalent nutrigenomics/nutrigenetics ethical issues, expressed in three primary areas: professional training, consumers/recipients' dilemmas, and DTC- GT positions.