Role of targeted biopsy, perilesional biopsy, and random biopsy in prostate cancer diagnosis by mpMRI/transrectal ultrasonography fusion biopsy

Purpose It is still not clear the role of perilesional biopsy (PL) and the extension of the random biopsy (RB) scheme to be adopted during mpMRI-guided ultrasound fusion biopsy (FB). To evaluate the increase in diagnostic accuracy achieved by PL and different RB schemes over target biopsy (TB). Methods We collected prospectively 168 biopsy-naïve patients with positive mpMRI receiving FB and concurrent 24-core RB. The diagnostic yields of the different possible biopsy schemes (TB only; TB + 4 PL cores; TB + 12-core RB; TB + 24-core RB) were compared by the McNemar test. Clinically significant (CS) prostate cancer (PCA) was defined according to the definition of the PROMIS trial. Regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of the presence of any cancer, csPCA. Results The detection rate of CS cancers increased to 35%, 45%, and 49% by adding 4 PL cores, 12, and 24 RB cores, respectively (all p < 0.02). Notably, the largest scheme including 3 TB and 24 RB cores identified a small but statistically significant 4% increase in detection rate of CS cancer, as compared with the second largest scheme. TB alone identified only 62% of the CS cancers. Such figure increased to 72% by adding 4 PL cores, and to 91% by adding 14 RB cores. Conclusions We found that PL biopsy increased the detection rate of CS cancers as compared with TB alone. However, the combination of those cores missed about 30% of the CS cancers identified with larger RB cores, notably including a considerable 15% of cases located contralaterally to the index tumor.