An Intuitive and Noniterative Design Methodology for CLLC Chargers Employing Simplified Operation Modes Model

This article mainly focuses on the simplified operation modes (SOM) model and resonant parameter design for the CLLC charger. Based on the mathematical and detailed operation waveform assumptions, the voltage gain model expressions and the operation mode boundaries are calculated directly, providing the high efficiency and high reliability of the CLLC converter. The proposed SOM model is more accurate in depicting the voltage gain compared with the conventional fundamental harmonic approximation model. Moreover, the SOM model is more intuitive and has less computational complexity than the complicated and unsolvable time-domain model. As for the parameter design process, the inductance ratio $k$ and characteristic impedance $Z_{0}$ are selected instead of specific inductances and capacitances. Relying on the SOM model, a step-by-step parameter design methodology is studied, which avoids repetitive iterations and streamlines the procedure. The voltage gain range, efficiency, soft-switching operation, mode boundaries, and system stability are considered comprehensively and realized in this process. The simulations and experiments validate that the proposed SOM model is accurate, and the design methodology is straightforward through a 1-kW CLLC charger prototype with 97% peak efficiency.