QT-Prolonging Antibiotics, Serum-to-Dialysate Potassium Gradient, and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Although treatment with azithromycin and, separately, respiratory fluoroquinolones were each associated with a heightened risk of sudden cardiac death, this risk was augmented in the setting of larger serum-to-dialysate potassium gradients. Minimizing the potassium gradient may be an approach to reduce the cardiac risk of these antibiotics.