A vertical and horizontal crossover sine cosine algorithm with pattern search for optimal power flow in power systems

Most of the energy consumption is now being used to supply human demand for electricity, which has increased the burden of power system planning to some extent, and thus, researchers proposed solutions to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. In such a background, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are widely used in modern power systems to alleviate human power demand and improve network congestion problems. This research proposes a better-quality sine cosine algorithm (CPSCA) based on a crossover mechanism and pattern search algorithm for optimizing multiple objectives, such as system generation cost and transmission losses when we have multiple types of FACTS devices in the power system. The proposed method uses sine and cosine theory and evolutionary strategy to continuously sample and update the framework and improve the quality of the solutions. The method uses a class of vertical and horizontal crossover operators and pattern-shifting techniques to find the optimal solution set. In addition, the Weibull probability density function was used in this study to model uncertainty in wind energy, while direct costs, penalty costs, and standby costs were considered in constructing the target model. Various types of FACTS devices, such as thyristor-controlled series compensators, thyristor-controlled phase shifters, and static reactive power compensators, are also inserted into the model as power in the target optimization problem. The proposed algorithm has experimented on an IEEE30 bus test system. Based on the experimental results, CPSCA achieves an optimal total cost of 806.0225 $/h. In terms of power loss of the bus system, CPSCA reduces the total power loss value from 2.042 MW to 1.41 MW compared to the original sine cosine algorithm, which is a 31% improvement and has an optimal power loss value. Therefore, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is an effective technique for optimizing the optimal power flow of the entire power system and FACTS equipment.