Metal-based-oxide nanoparticles assisted the in vitro culture growth of Populus alba as micronutrients: essential metabolic processes and genetic stability.

The present study evaluates the culture growth rate of upon using nano metal-based-oxides such as hematite (FeO NPs), zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), and manganese oxide (MnO NPs) nanoparticles as analogues of three primary micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn), which exist in soil as micronutrients. Herein, the culture growth rate was investigated using three different concentrations (, 20, 40, and 60 mg L) of as-prepared metal oxide nanoparticles compared to the control. In addition, the as-prepared nanoparticles have been prepared the co-precipitation method. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering techniques. Overall, a significant difference in the biomass production-related parameters such as fresh weight, shoot length, and root length was observed compared to the control upon the treatment with micronutrient-based nano-metal-oxides (, MnO > FeO > ZnO NPs, respectively). In addition, a significant increase in the root number of plants upon their treatment with ZnO NPs was observed compared to other prepared nano-metal-oxides and the control. Also, a remarkable increase in the chlorophyll index was monitored upon the treatment with FeO NPs rather than the other commonly used MnO and ZnO NPs, respectively. Moreover, RAPD-PCR bioassays were applied, and the actual six primers showed a genetic variation percentage of 34.17%, indicating that is highly genetically stable even in highly contaminated soil. As a result, our findings suggest an idea that indicates the ability to enhance the culture growth rate of plants using metal oxide nanoparticles as analogous to essential micronutrients.