Conformational variability of cyanobacterial ChlI, the AAA plus motor of magnesium chelatase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis

Magnesium chelatase is a conserved enzyme complex responsible for the first committed step of chlorophyll biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms, which is the addition of magnesium to the chlorophyll precursor, protoporphyrin IX. The complex is composed of the catalytic subunit ChlH, the bridging subunit ChlD, and the subunit ChlI, which serves as the motor that drives the entire complex. Although the enzyme is well-characterized functionally, high-resolution structures are available only for individual subunits. Hence, the full assembly and molecular mechanism of the enzyme complex remain unknown. Here, we used cryogenic electron microscopy, supported by biochemical analysis and mass photometry, to determine the structures of the ChlI motor subunit of magnesium chelatase under turnover conditions in the presence of ATP. Our data reveal the molecular details of ChlI oligomerization and conformational dynamics upon ATP binding and hydrolysis. These findings provide new insights into the mechanistic function of ChlI and its implications for the entire magnesium chelatase complex machinery. IMPORTANCE Photosynthesis is an essential life process that relies on chlorophyll. In photosynthetic organisms, chlorophyll synthesis involves multiple steps and depends on magnesium chelatase. This enzyme complex is responsible for inserting magnesium into the chlorophyll precursor, but the molecular mechanism of this process is not fully understood. By using cryogenic electron microscopy and conducting functional analyses, we have discovered that the motor subunit ChlI of magnesium chelatase undergoes conformational changes in the presence of ATP. Our findings offer new insights into how energy is transferred from ChlI to the other components of magnesium chelatase. This information significantly contributes to our understanding of the initial step in chlorophyll biosynthesis and lays the foundation for future studies on the entire process of chlorophyll production.