Incidence of and risk factors for pediatric perioperative anaphylaxis in the United States, 2005-2014

Little is known about pediatric perioperative anaphylaxis (pPOA). The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of pPOA in the US and to identify risk factors for pPOA. Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2014, we identified cases (patients aged <18 years) of pPOA utilizing the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Amongst 3,601,180 procedures (mean age 3.3 [SD 6], 78% male, 60% White, 85% Non-Hispanic), 297 (1 in 12,214) cases of pPOA were identified. When compared to pediatric patients who underwent procedures without developing anaphylaxis, those who developed pPOA were older (mean age 9.8 vs 3.3 years; p