Pre-arrest frailty and implications for cardiac arrest care.

Frailty is an age-related state of vulnerability. 1 Howlett S. Rutenberg A. Rockwood K. The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging. Nat Aging. 2021; 1: 651-665 Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar , 2 Clegg A. Young J. Iliffe S. Rikkert M.O. Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet. 2013; 381: 752-762https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62167-9 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (5119) Google Scholar Those living with frailty are at higher risk for adverse outcomes compared to those of similar age. 1 Howlett S. Rutenberg A. Rockwood K. The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging. Nat Aging. 2021; 1: 651-665 Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar Elements (e.g. respiratory complaints, hearing impairment, feeling depressed) that contribute to frailty can be treated and managed by developing patient and family centered individualized care plans to address their underlying illness, symptoms, and unique needs. 1 Howlett S. Rutenberg A. Rockwood K. The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging. Nat Aging. 2021; 1: 651-665 Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar Patient’s baseline frailty status, prior to illness or injury, has been extensively used to inform clinical decisions and individualized care plans in geriatric medicine, community and hospital based care, 1 Howlett S. Rutenberg A. Rockwood K. The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging. Nat Aging. 2021; 1: 651-665 Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar whether frailty recognition can inform cardiac arrest care has recently become the focus of investigations. 3 Mowbray F.I. Manlongat D. Correia R.H. et al. Prognostic association of frailty with post-arrest outcomes following cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2021; 167: 242-250https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.06.009 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar , 4 Hu F.Y. Streiter S. O’Mara L. et al. Frailty and survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Gen Intern Med. 2022; 37: 3554-3561https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07199-1 Crossref PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar , 5 Xu P. Li D. He Y. et al. Clinical Frailty Scale is more likely to be related to hospital mortality for frail patients suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2020; 148: 215-217https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.01.023 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar , 6 Wharton C. King E. MacDuff A. Frailty is associated with adverse outcome from in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2019; 143: 208-211https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.07.021 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (25) Google Scholar