Dense Vehicular Ad hoc Network UAV Assisted Cooperative Routing Scheme

Intelligent transportation system (ITS) has to keep its services stable and active. Vehicular Ad hoc networks (VANETs) play a crucial part and provide a highly dynamic environment, where uninterrupted information propagation with compact nodes to their purported target is a key strategy. Currently, the data propagation techniques use devices based on single radio to mitigate network performance degradation. However, due to incomplete utilization of the spectrum, they end up with decreased throughput and increased end-to-end (ETE) delay. To ensure efficient use of the spectrum, methods that seek support from other channels have been proposed and are known as multi-channel dual radio-based. However, the performance of the network is degraded because of the same band cross-channel interference. That's why, a cooperative routing scheme assisted by UAV (UCRS) is devised, and here VANET is assisted by a Flying ad hoc network (FANET). UCRS allows intermediate vehicles to choose the most suitable node as the next hop using a composite routing metric. In UCRS each node creates a table called an Allied Node Table (ANT) comprising the vehicles in the ahead zone. Among several nodes available in ANT, the best node is chosen to be part of an End-to-End (ETE) route to forward data traffic to the destination. In case of interruption in connection during communication of data, local repair is attempted by UCRS up to two hops; in case route recovery failure occurs then UAV assistance is executed. The network simulator ns-2.31 is used to assess performance evaluation. The results reveal that UCRS achieved better performance compared to U2RV and AODV, in most of the scenarios with regard to the PDR, ETE delay, and control message overhead. The results show that UCRS achieved a 22% improvement in control message overhead as compared to U2RV and 33% as compared to AODV. Similarly, UCRS has achieved a 23% improvement in ETE Delay as compared to U2RV and 30% as compared to AODV. Last but not least, PDR has increased by 14.5% as compared to U2RV and 28% as compared to AODV.