Microglia P2x4 receptor: A novel target of acupuncture treatment for neuropathic pain

Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by nerve damage, manifested by spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. Meanwhile, NP can cause psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression and sleep disorders. Inhibition of microglia activation and P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) has been proved were critical for neuroprotection during nerve insult. Acupuncture has been confirmed to be effective in treatment of NP without noticeable side effects. In this review, we attempt to uncover the role of microglia and P2X4R in NP, and summarize the correlation between acupuncture analgesia and microglia P2X4R. We strive to provide a new perspective for acupuncture in the treatment of NP.