Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Rural Habitat Level Evolution and Its Influencing Factors—A Case Study of Rural Villages in Nature a Reserve of China

Taking China’s Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve as an example, entropy, hierarchical analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis methods were combined with geographically and temporally weighted regression to construct an evaluation index system of a rural habitat environment. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the evolution of the rural habitat environment in the Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve from 2000 to 2020 were revealed, and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of factors affecting the evolution of the rural habitat environment in the Qilian Mountains were analyzed. The results show that during the research period, the rural habitat environment of the Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve obviously improved. The advantaged areas, such as Liangzhou and Shandan, are located mainly on flat terrain, with perfect supporting resources and convenient transportation. The disadvantaged areas, such as Qilian and Menyuan, are concentrated in the mountainous areas with poor natural conditions and inconvenient transportation. The rural habitat in the Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve shows an obvious positive spatial correlation, and areas with similar habitat are adjacent to each other. From 2000 to 2015, the high–high agglomeration area was located in Liangzhou, and the low–low agglomeration area was located in Menyuan. The rural habitat environment in the Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve is influenced by the average temperature, investment in fixed assets, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, PM2.5 concentration and CO2 emissions. The influence of various factors on the rural habitat showed obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In rural revitalization, it is necessary to allocate resources to local conditions to promote the continuous improvement of the rural habitat environment in nature reserves.