Evaluating the Mandibular Trabecular Structure in Patients with and without Bruxism: A Cross-Sectional Study

(1) Background: Fractal analysis has been used as a mathematical method for studying the complexity of fractal structures such as trabecular bone that look similar at different scales. Bruxism is a disorder involving nonfunctional grinding and clenching of the teeth that leads to bone resorption and fractal dimension reduction. This study aimed to evaluate the trabecular pattern of the mandibular condyle, angle, and dental region in panoramic radiographs of individuals with and without bruxism using fractal analysis and a larger sample size. (2) Methods: A total of 365 panoramic radiographs belonging to two groups consisting of bruxism and non-bruxism individuals were assessed using fractal analysis. Fractal dimension (FD) values were calculated on each side for the three regions of interest (ROIs): the mandibular condylar head, mandibular angle, and interdental region between the second premolar and first molar. Statistical analysis was performed using binominal and chi-square tests, the Shapiro–Wilk test, and the Mann–Whitney test (α = 0.05). (3) Results: No significant differences were observed between the FD values of the ROIs in the two groups (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: No significant differences existed in the FD values of the ROIs in patients with and without bruxism. This result shows that fractal analysis of panoramic radiographs cannot be useful in detecting patients with bruxism.