Intra- and inter-annual variations in metal concentrations in the superficial water of a highly polluted urban basin of Argentina

To protect ecosystems impacted by human activities and prevent their degradation, it is imperative to evaluate variations in the concentration of environmental pollutants over time. Here, we evaluated the intra- and inter-annual variations of several metals from 15 sites in the Matanza Riachuelo River basin (one of the most polluted in the world) and determined the physicochemical and meteorological parameters associated with these changes from 2008 to 2015. For this, in each site, we used Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps and Redundancy Analysis. The results highlighted temporal patterns of metal concentrations and several factors associated with them, perhaps related to the actions performed in the area since 2008. Additionally, we found that the effects of physicochemical and meteorological factors on metal concentrations were site-dependent, possibly related to the presence of different local sources of pollution or characteristics of the river in each site, such as its sediments. This approach could be applied to different scenarios (aquatic and terrestrial) and could provide a tool to help decision-makers address the harmful consequences of the continuous advance of human activities on human and ecosystem health.